Pressure gas producer



Feb. 28, 1933.

K. KOLLER PRESSURE GAS PRODUCER Original Filed July 1924 IN V EN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

z a w i at entecl .Feb'. 28, 1933 a UNITED; STATES; PATE OFFICE:

nan KOLLER, or BUDAPEST; HUNGARY rniissunn ens rnonuonn Original application filed. :Ju'1yd8y1924, Serial 110,724,876, and in Czechoslovakia and Germany July i 1923. Divided-and this application filed August 16, 1929. SerialNo. 386,355;

In pressure gas producers the mixture of steam'and air required for gasifyingthe fuel enters the producer shaft through a. distributingibody whichprojec'ts over the ash-pan.

The constructional forms made, hitherto all 1 have the disadvantage, that the mixture of steam and air is not utilized in the producer shaft-in such a manner as is necessary for gettingsthe best'result fromthe fuelor for the fuel, @Hithertosuch' distributors have been-divided substantially into two groups. One of these groups comprises a short outlet pipe which is substantially thesame size 1 as thesupply pipefor the steam and air mixture, which passesout through openings provided in the outlet pipe, These outlet openings are usually formedbetween conical rings, which overlap one another like louvres and which provide a total outlet; for the mixture of steam and air of such a cross-sectional area that during the operation of the producer 1thedifl'erence in pressure between the fluid flowing within the interiorlof the distributor and the pressure existing in the surroundingproducer shaft will be only just suflicient to enable the mixture'of :steam and T air to flow out effectively. -When the producer isout of operation (i. e.wh'en the producer shaft is emptyiand closed by the ordinary water seal), the outlet openings in the distributor as hitherto constructed will form such communicating passa es between the interior ofthe;distributoran theempty 35 producer shaft that they will allow the mixture of steam and air to pass freely according to a law by which the flowing fluid shortly after leaving the distributor follows a ,practically vertical upward course. i p

In practice the proportions hitherto used between the total cross-sectional area of the outlet openings in thedistributor and the internal cross-sectionalareaof the same lead to 45 the following disadvantages: The. outflow I openings in the distributor is determined,

when. the producer is in operation, bythe re sistance oifered in the producer shaftby-the fuel and thermochemical phenomena. As explained above thefluid will pass almost producing a quality of gas corresponding to of the mixtureof steam and air; from the vertically upwards through the outlet ope n,

ings shortly after leaving the distributor when only the resistance oiier'ed by the surrounding air has to be overcome. This char- I acteristic of the flow will not be substantially changed when the producer is in operation, as the fiu'idwill fiownot in accordance with theory but: in a direction determined by. the places ofleast resistance'in the shaft. (The more homogeneousthe fuel, withth-e shaft filled to the same height, the nearer will this direction of flow approximate in practice to the theoretical flow referred to above) The consequence of this is that unburnt fuel will pass through the producer. This resulted in the distributor in the form of a short pipebeing abandoned and an ordinary grate being used extending almost up to the wall of the producer, so that the air could also have effective accessto those parts of the fuel ducer and thus promote combustionofthe fuel at the margin of the fuel bed.

:The distributors belonging to the second group above referred to consist of chambers placed. on the supply pipe and having a step,- ped conical shell the lowest part of which reduces the internal cross-sectional area of the producer shaft tosuch aneXtent that considerable resistanceis oiiered to the passage of clinker and ash through the producer.

Such distributors have outlet openings which allow of the fluid obtaining a nozzle velocity produced. Attempts 'havebeen made'to prevent this marginal combustion by considerably raising the height of the'fuel bed more particularlyat the margins by means of special, charging appliances. Marginal combus'tion however isnot to be entirely avoided situatedin proximity to the wall of the pro- I the fuel bed only temporarily suppressing it if the quantity of steam and air mixture by this means, this increase in the height of blown through remains the same, and finally a reduced output of the producer would be the only way out of the difficulty.

If such chamber-like distributors are .provided with perforations not having the char:

acter of nozzles, these constructions suffer from the disadvantages alluded to above to a still greater extent. V V

The present invention is based on the recognition of'the fact that on the one hand the free annular space between the distributor and the producer wall must be as large as possible for enabling'the clinker and ash to pass through freely into the ash pan, hence the distributor must have the character of a short pipe as described above, while on the other hand the outlet openings must be in the wall of a cylindrical distributor and the ratio of the totalcross-sectional area of these outlet openings to the internal cross-sectional area of the cylindrical distributor must be such that parallel streams of fluid will result which follow the course of flat parabolas and have the required nozzle velocity, so that the fluid is already used up when it arrives at the wall of theproducer. As regards the desired degree of outlet velocity this arrangement has the further advantage, that the residual velocity of the fluid in the distributor from the velocity in the supply pipe is increased by the nozzle action.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing where 1n:

, Figure 1 is a cross-sectional elevation through a gas producer. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the distributor on an enlarged scale; and r Figure 8 is a cross-section of the distributor shown in Figure 2 on line 3-3 thereof. Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The gas producer comprises a shaft 1 within which producer gas is generated, and having an annular skirt 2 which dips into the rotating ash-pan 8 which is filled with water and moves the slag and ashes as they pass out of the producer shaft against a lateral scraper along which the slag and ashes are guided out of the producer.

The distributor is of cylindrical shape and consists of separate rings 11 of uniform size arranged one above the other and spaced apart by means of ribs or the like so as to leave circumferential slots between them. The distributor is covered by a cap 12. The fuel and the ashes are supported by the ashpan 8. By building up the distributor from a, number of, rings of uniform. size, the height of the distributor can be varied while maintaining its cylindrical character, so that the combustion zone of the solid fuel bed in the producer shaft can be adjusted to suit the conditions under which the producer is operated. V

The invention also comprises the provision of means for adjusting the effective total cross-sectional area of the nozzle outlet openings in order to enable the velocity of the mixture of steam and air flowing out from the distributor to be regulated so as to enable the incandescent or combustion zone proper to be constrained to occupy a predetermined position to suit the actual conditions under which the producer is operated for the time being. By this means the regulation of the velocity can be adjusted so that the producer shaft is utilized directly as a low temperature distillation chamber for the fuel. The preferred form of regulating means'consists of a cylindrical valve arranged inside the distributor will be described subsequently.

Another constructional form of the distributor has for its object to render the regulation exceedingly simple, the mixture of steam and air introducedinto the distributor and passing through it having its direction of flow reversed beforeentering the producer shaft, whereby the distributor is cooled and so rotected from damage.

7 n the drawing the distributor 20 is formed K slide valve 23 having openings 231 adapted to register with the openings 13 and which is closed at the bottom. The mixture of steam and air has its direction of flow'reversed in the interior of the cap 12, after which it passes out into the producer shaft through the nozzle outlets 13.

The mixture of steam and air thus cools the wall of the distributor. 7 This in a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 724,876, filed July 8, 1924, .7

now Patent No. 1,728,684, September 17, 1929, for pressure gas producers.

Iclaim:

1. In a gas producer, a producer shaft adapted to contain a solid fuel bed, an ashpan, a short hollow blast distributor having a cap forming a top compartment, a plurality of vertical air and steam admission chant bers located in the cylindrical wall of the distributor, and adapted to deliver air and steam to the top compartment, said wall of the distributor being provided withhorizontal outlet air and steam ports located between the vertical chambers, a hollow cylindrical slide valve below the top compartment and having openings adapted to register with the with the'capand located in the distributor,

outlet ports, and a bottom wall forclosing I the bottom of the slide valve;

v the gas-making. fluid 2. In a gas producer, a producer shaft a daptedto contain abed of fuel, a hollow distributor having a cap and extending into said bedof fuel, a wall dividing said distributor,

into communicating sections, oneof said'sec tions having openings in the wall thereof communicating with the fuel bed, means for, v passing a gas-making; fluid through said' second-mentioned section into and through the first-mentioned section and through said openings into the fuel bed, and means for varying the eflective area of said openings:

to change the velocity of' the gas-making fluid entering into the fuel bed.

3; 'In a gas "producer, a producer shaft adapted to contain a bed of fuel, a hollow dis.-

tributor having a cap forming a top compartment extending into said fuel bed, a vertical gas-making fluid admission'chamber located, in the distributor and comunicating withthe cap, an additional chamber in the'distributor communicating with the ca and provided with outlet openings positioned in thewall of the distributor, means for passing said gas-making fluid up through the first-mentioned chamber into said cap and down" through said additional chamber, into and through said outletopenings, and means for varying the effective area of said outlet openings, and thus changing the velocityof the fluid passing therethrough into the fuelbed. 1

4. In a gas producer, a producer-c-shaft' adapted to contain a-bed of fuel, ahollow cylindrical distributor having a cap forming ,a top compartment, vertical gas-making fluid admission chambers located in thedistributor and communicating with the cap, an additional cylindrical chamber communicating said additional chamber containing a plurality of outlet openings positioned incthe walla of-thedistributor and communicating with the fuel bed, means for passing said gasmaking fluid up through one chamber, into said cap'and down through the other chamber, into and through'said outlet openings,

and acylindrical shell positioned in said a additional chamber, said shellbeing provided with openings adapted to register with said outlet openings and being adapted to be rotated to change the effective area of the'outlet openings andthus change theivelocity of passing therethrough into the fuel bed. I i p Intestilnony whereof I *afii'x my signature.-

c KARL KOLLER. 

